• br Introduction In addition to ATP production an important r

  2024-07-19

  

  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric ACA cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stimulate and/or sup

• This project was funded by

  2024-07-19

  

  This project was funded by the University of the Philippines Diliman through the Natural Sciences Research Institute with grant No. CHE-09-2-02. Introduction There is compelling evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect of 12- and 15-lipoxygenases through the generation of lipid mediators involve

• Given the recent discovery of regions

  2024-07-19

  

  Given the recent discovery of regions of single-stranded DNA in the nuclei of hypoxic cells, the role for ATR in the response to hypoxic stress seems clearer . Zou and Elledge demonstrated that both Ddc 2 (the homolog of ATRIP) and ATRIP have a lower affinity for double-strand breaks than they do f

• Apelin APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways

  2024-07-18

  

  Apelin/APJ triggers a variety of cellular signaling pathways (Fig. 1). Recent studies from our laboratory showed that apelin-13 induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the upregulation of Cyclin D1 expression, which is involved in an ERK-dependent activation of Jagged-1/Notch3 si

• Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in

  2024-07-18

  

  Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in DM1 came from Thomas Cooper’s laboratory where they demonstrated that insulin-independent glucose uptake was unaffected in human DM1 muscle sq 22 receptor treated with MET, an AMPK activator and first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes mellit

• Table reports the results for the categorical coding of diag

  2024-07-18

  

  Table 3 reports the results for the categorical coding of diagnosis. The categorical coding is less hypothesis driven than the continuous coding because it allows for nonlinear interactions that are driven by only two groups (CN → MCI stable, CN → MCI progressor, and CN → AD). That said, this analys

• br Endocytosis of AdipoR Surface receptor activity may be

  2024-07-18

  

  Endocytosis of AdipoR1 Surface receptor activity may be shut down by endocytic uptake and subsequent lysosomal degradation of the proteins [20]. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) has been extensively studied and internalization from the plasma membrane is mediated through clathrin-coated pits

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments This research was

  2024-07-18

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments This research was funded by the National Science Foundation Committee (NSFC) of China (Nos. 81171058 and 81471146) and Capital Development Scientific Research in China (Nos. 2011-5001-04 and 2014-4-5013). We are grateful for all of the participants who donated blood

• br Conflict of interest statement br Benign prostatic hyperp

  2024-07-17

  

  Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal KU-0060648 in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 cellular co

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Hypospadias

  2024-07-17

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation in males, in which the urethral orifice is found on the ventral side of the penis as a result of incomplete fusion of urethral folds. The mean prevalence in per 10,000 live births from 1910 to 2013 were: Europe 19.9,

• The gene SRD A encodes the reductase

  2024-07-17

  

  The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo

• br Results br Discussion Although they do not have protein

  2024-07-17

  

  Results Discussion Although they do not have protein-coding capacity, lncRNAs make up a large part of the transcripts of the genome, and they play fundamental roles in carcinogenesis and osteosarcoma progression through regulation of tumor proliferation and metastasis. These lncRNAs include MA

• br Conclusions br Acknowledgments br Introduction To die

  2024-07-17

  

  Conclusions Acknowledgments Introduction To die or not to die – that is the question. Christian de Duve created the word “autophagy” in 1960’s for the first time (Klionsky et al., 2016). The word “autophagy” was derived from the Greek roots “auto” (self) and “phagy” (eating) and referred to

• Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of au

  2024-07-17

  

  Various cardiovascular diseases show a high occurrence of autophagosomes. Whereas basal autophagy is required for the proper functioning of cardiomyocytes [82], the deletion of Atg5 gene in myocardium shows a high risk of cardiomyopathy [83]. Hamacher et al. observed that an upregulation of Bnip3, a

• The importance of the ATM Tel

  2024-07-17

  

  The importance of the ATM/Tel1 to ATR/Mec1 switch in the response to DSBs remains to be determined. Noteworthy, resection-defective S. cerevisiae cells, such as sae2Δ, exo1Δ, fun30Δ or sgs1Δ mutants, fail to turn off the checkpoint in response to an unrepaired DSB [56], [127], [128]. Moreover, the s

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